FORT MEADE, Maryland (Reuters) - The U.S. Army private accused of providing diplomatic cables and other secret documents to the WikiLeaks website pleaded guilty on Thursday to misusing classified material, but denied the most serious charge in the case, aiding the enemy.
Private First Class Bradley Manning, 25, entered the pleas prior to his court martial, which is set to begin on June 3, in a case that centers on the biggest leak of government secrets in U.S. history.
"I believe that if the general public ... had access to the information ... this could spark a domestic debate as to the role of the military and foreign policy in general," Manning, dressed in full military uniform, testified calmly.
Reading from a 35-page statement as he remained seated next to his lawyers, the short, slight private described his feelings after he submitted the secret information to WikiLeaks.
"I felt I accomplished something that would allow me to have a clear conscience," said Manning, who spoke under oath for more than an hour.
At the hearing, Manning pleaded not guilty to the most serious charge, aiding the enemy, through his attorney. Manning, who has been jailed at Quantico Marine Base in Virginia for more than 1,000 days, could face life imprisonment if convicted of that charge.
He pleaded guilty to a series of 10 lesser charges that he misused classified information at the hearing before military judge Colonel Denise Lind. He faces a maximum of 20 years in prison for those charges.
Under a ruling last month by Lind, Manning would have any sentence reduced by 112 days to compensate for the markedly harsh treatment he received during his confinement. While at Quantico, Manning was placed in solitary confinement for up to 23 hours a day with guards checking on him every few minutes.
Manning admitted to unauthorized possession and willful communication of information from military databases, including the Combined Information Data Network Exchange Iraq and Combined Information Data Network Exchange Afghanistan.
He also admitted to misuse of documents from the U.S. Southern Command pertaining to Guantanamo Bay, a memo from an unnamed intelligence agency, and records from a military operation in Farah province in Afghanistan.
Manning, an Army intelligence officer, was arrested in May 2010 while serving in Iraq and charged with downloading thousands of intelligence documents, diplomatic cables and combat videos and forwarding them to WikiLeaks.
WikiLeaks began exposing the U.S. government secrets in the same year, stunning diplomats around the world and outraging U.S. officials who said damage to national security from the leaks endangered U.S. lives.
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has taken refuge in the Ecuadorean Embassy in London since June to avoid extradition to Sweden for alleged sex crimes.
(Editing by Barbara Goldberg, Paul Simao and Tim Dobbyn)
Tech analytics startup Synapsify announced a whopping $600,000 in seed money today from a cluster of investors that includes ICG Ventures, Fortify Ventures, and Middleland Capital. It?s just another part of the ongoing narrative that?s seen the value of data analysis rise over the past several months. After all, last year we found that payment data was more valuable than payment fees.
FILE - In this Jan. 31, 2013, file photo, Secretary of Defense nominee Chuck Hagel testifies before the Senate Armed Services Committee during his confirmation hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington. Hagel is expected to be sworn in as Secretary of Defense Wednesday Feb. 27, 2013 and is likely to address the staff in his first day as defense secretary. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, file)
FILE - In this Jan. 31, 2013, file photo, Secretary of Defense nominee Chuck Hagel testifies before the Senate Armed Services Committee during his confirmation hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington. Hagel is expected to be sworn in as Secretary of Defense Wednesday Feb. 27, 2013 and is likely to address the staff in his first day as defense secretary. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, file)
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Chuck Hagel takes charge at the Defense Department with deep budget cuts looming and Republican opponents still doubtful that he's up to the job.
Hagel is expected to be sworn in Wednesday and is likely to address the staff in his first day as defense secretary. The bitter, seven-week fight over his nomination ended Tuesday as a deeply divided Senate voted 58-41 to confirm him. Just four Republicans joined Democrats in backing the former two-term Republican senator from Nebraska and twice-wounded Vietnam combat veteran.
"I am honored that President Obama and the Senate have entrusted me to serve our nation once again," Hagel said in a statement. "I can think of no greater privilege than leading the brave, dedicated men and women of the Department of Defense as they perform vital missions around the globe."
Hagel promised to work closely with Congress, but he faces lingering reservations about his ability to handle the responsibilities. Shortly after the vote, Sen. Lindsey Graham said he still has serious questions about Hagel and his qualifications.
"I hope, for the sake of our own national security, he exceeds expectations," said the South Carolina Republican.
The top Republican on the Armed Services Committee, Sen. Jim Inhofe of Oklahoma, said Hagel's record on Israel, Iran, defense spending and nuclear weapons "demonstrate, in my view, a profound and troubling lack of judgment on many of the critical issues he will now be confronted with as secretary of defense."
But Inhofe promised to work with Hagel to avoid the $46 billion in automatic, across-the-board budget cuts that hit the Pentagon on Friday.
Obama alluded to the need for cooperation in his statement welcoming the vote.
The president said he was grateful to Hagel "for reminding us that when it comes to our national defense, we are not Democrats or Republicans, we are Americans, and our greatest responsibility is the security of the American people."
Hagel joins Obama's retooled national security team, including Secretary of State John Kerry and CIA Director-designate John Brennan, at a time of uncertainty for a military emerging from two wars and fighting worldwide terrorism with smaller, deficit-driven budgets.
Among his daunting challenges are dealing with the budget cuts and deciding on troop levels in Afghanistan as the United States winds down its combat presence. He also will have to work with lawmakers who spent weeks vilifying him.
Republicans insisted that Hagel was battered and bloodied after their repeated attacks during the protracted political fight.
"He will take office with the weakest support of any defense secretary in modern history, which will make him less effective on his job," said Sen. John Cornyn of Texas, the Senate GOP's No. 2 Republican.
Not so, said Democratic Sen. Jack Reed, who pointed out that Hagel now has the title and the fight is history.
"All have to work together for the interest of the country," said Reed, D-R.I.
The vote ended one of the bitterest fights over a Cabinet choice and former senator since 1989, when the Democratic-led Senate defeated newly elected President George H.W. Bush's nomination of Republican John Tower to be defense secretary. This time, Republicans waged an unprecedented filibuster of a president's Pentagon pick and Hagel only secured the job after Republicans dropped their delay.
A 71-27 vote to end the filibuster cleared the way for Hagel's confirmation.
In the course of the rancorous nomination fight, Republicans, led by Inhofe and freshman Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas, insinuated that Hagel has a cozy relationship with Iran and received payments for speeches from extreme or radical groups. Those comments drew rebukes from Democrats and some Republicans.
Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich., the chairman of the Armed Services Committee, dismissed the "unfair innuendoes" against Hagel and called him an "outstanding American patriot" whose background as an enlisted soldier would send a positive message to the nation's servicemen and women.
Sen. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo., questioned how the confirmation process devolved into a character assassination in which Hagel was accused of "having secret ties with our enemies."
"I sincerely hope that the practice of challenging nominations with innuendo and inference, rather than facts and figures, was an aberration and not a roadmap," she said in a statement after the vote.
___
Follow Donna Cassata on Twitter: http://twitter.com/DonnaCassataAP
Rochester Business Alliance has worked closely with Unshackle Upstate and other business organizations across New York for several years to help foster Workers? Compensation reform that benefits both employers and injured workers.? A reform package enacted by the state legislature in 2007 took a first step in creating a more efficient system that functions better for everyone and lowers costs for employers.? However, the promised employer savings have been slow to materialize and New York now has the fifth highest Workers? Compensation premium costs in the country.
In our annual surveys, Rochester Business Alliance members consistently rank Workers? Compensation costs as their number three area of concern, behind health care costs and reducing unfunded mandates.
That?s why I was pleased to hear Governor Cuomo include a Workers? Compensation reform package in his 2013-2014 Executive Budget.? The governor reinforced the plan to provide $900 million dollars in relief to New York employers during his visit to Rochester last week.? The governor?s plan, if enacted by the state legislature, promises to improve the Workers? Compensation system by simplifying and reducing assessments on employers, promoting system-wide transparency, efficiency, and equity, and creating more competition in the insurance marketplace.
While Governor Cuomo?s Workers? Comp package starts to get us back on track, there is still more work to do.
Mandate relief advocates like Rochester Business Alliance and Unshackle Upstate continue to encourage the state government to enact additional Workers? Comp reforms, particularly in the areas of:
-????????? Reducing New York?s highest in the nation assessments: Closing the Reopened Case Fund to new claims is a good start, butthe state must find additional ways to bring premium taxes more in line with national levels.
-????????? Scheduled loss of use awards: New York has seen quite a disconnect in Workers? Compensation awards for specific injuries suffered on the job. Scheduled loss benefits compensate workers for specified permanent impairments, even if they don?t miss work and continue receiving full wages.? Payments have risen dramatically since 2007, but the medical guidelines on which they?re based haven?t changed since 1996.? This, despite advancements in medical treatment that speed recovery and result in better outcomes.
-????????? Training for doctors and judges: Those tasked with diagnosing and classifying injuries and determining appropriate compensation must be well-trained so cases are properly classified.? The bulk of anticipated savings from the 2007 reforms were to come from duration limits on permanent partial disability awards.? The problem is that many of these cases have yet to be classified under the new standards, so the more generous payouts continue.
-????????? Reject legislative rollbacks: We must remain mindful that some legislators have proposed rollbacks to the earlier Workers? Comp reforms onto which Governor Cuomo?s further reforms dovetail.? Proposals such as exempting pre-2007 claimants from the Medical Treatment Guidelines or creating loopholes in the pharmaceutical fee schedule should be defeated.
Under Governor Cuomo?s leadership, New York State has seen much progress in policies that promote economic growth.? These include a property tax cap, on-time state budgets that hold the line on taxes, Medicaid reform, and economic development initiatives like the Regional Council model.? Workers? compensation reform is of vital importance to employers, and Rochester Business Alliance and Unshackle Upstate will continue to push for necessary change.
Reading the human genomePublic release date: 27-Feb-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Lynn Yarris lcyarris@lbl.gov 510-486-5375 DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley Lab researchers produce first step-by-step look at transcription initiation
Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a major advance in understanding how genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA by providing the first step-by-step look at the biomolecular machinery that reads the human genome.
"We've provided a series of snapshots that shows how the genome is read one gene at a time," says biophysicist Eva Nogales who led this research. "For the genetic code to be transcribed into messenger RNA, the DNA double helix has to be opened and the strand of gene sequences has to be properly positioned so that RNA polymerase, the enzyme that catalyzes transcription, knows where the gene starts. The electron microscopy images we produced show how this is done."
Says Paula Flicker of the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which partly funded the research, "The process of transcription is essential to all living things so understanding how it initiates is enormously important. This work is a beautiful example of integrating multiple approaches to reveal the structure of a large molecular complex and provide insight into the molecular basis of a fundamental cellular process."
Nogales, who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab, the University of California (UC) at Berkeley, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this study in the journal Nature. The paper is titled "Structural visualization of key steps in human transcription initiation." Co-authors are Yuan He, Jie Fang and Dylan Taatjes.
The fundamental process of life by which information in the genome of a living cell is used to generate biomolecules that carry out cellular activities is the so-called "central dogma of molecular biology." It states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. This straightforward flow of information is initiated by an elaborate system of proteins that operate in a highly choreographed fashion with machine-like precision. Understanding how this protein machinery works in the context of passing genetic information from DNA to RNA (transcription) is a must for identifying malfunctions that can turn cells cancerous or lead to a host of other problems.
Nogales and members of her research group used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), where protein samples are flash-frozen at liquid nitrogen temperatures to preserve their structure, to carry out in vitro studies of reconstituted and purified versions of the "transcription pre-initiation complex." This complex is a large assemblage of proteins comprised of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) plus a class of proteins known as general transcription factors that includes the TATA-binding protein (TBP), TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, TFIIE and TFIIH. All of the components in this complex work together to ensure the accurate loading of DNA into Pol II at the start of a gene sequence.
"There's been a lack of structural information on how the transcription pre-initiation complex complex is assembled, but with cryo-EM and our in vitro reconstituted system we've been able to provide pseudo-atomic models at various stages of transcription initiation that illuminate critical molecular interactions during this step-by-step process," Nogales says.
The in vitro reconstituted transcription pre-initiation complex was developed by Yuan He, lead author on the Nature paper and a post-doctoral student in Nogales's research group.
"This reconstituted system provided a model for the sequential assembly pathway of transcription initiation and was essential for us to get the most biochemically homogenous samples," Nogales says. "Also essential was our ability to use automated data collection and processing so that we could generate all our structures in a robust manner."
Among the new details revealed in the step-by-step cryo-EM images was how the transcription factor protein TFIIF engages Pol II and promoter DNA to stabilize both a closed DNA pre-initiation complex and an open DNA-promoter complex, and also how it regulates the selection of a transcription start-site.
"Comparing the closed versus open DNA states led us to propose a model that describes how DNA is moved during the process of promoter opening," says He. "Our studies provide insight into how THIIH uses ATP hydrolysis as a source of energy to actually open and push the DNA to the active site of Pol II."
Nogales and her colleagues plan to further investigate the process of DNA loading into Pol II, as well as to include additional transcription factors into the assembly that are required for regulation of gene expression.
"Our goal is to actually build a structural model of the entire - more than two million daltons - protein machinery that recognizes and regulates all human DNA promoters," Nogales says. "For now we have the structural framework that's been needed to integrate biochemical and structural data into a unified mechanistic understanding of transcription initiation."
###
This research was funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Cancer Institute under NIH grant numbers GM063072 and CA127364.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit www.lbl.gov.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Reading the human genomePublic release date: 27-Feb-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Lynn Yarris lcyarris@lbl.gov 510-486-5375 DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley Lab researchers produce first step-by-step look at transcription initiation
Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a major advance in understanding how genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA by providing the first step-by-step look at the biomolecular machinery that reads the human genome.
"We've provided a series of snapshots that shows how the genome is read one gene at a time," says biophysicist Eva Nogales who led this research. "For the genetic code to be transcribed into messenger RNA, the DNA double helix has to be opened and the strand of gene sequences has to be properly positioned so that RNA polymerase, the enzyme that catalyzes transcription, knows where the gene starts. The electron microscopy images we produced show how this is done."
Says Paula Flicker of the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which partly funded the research, "The process of transcription is essential to all living things so understanding how it initiates is enormously important. This work is a beautiful example of integrating multiple approaches to reveal the structure of a large molecular complex and provide insight into the molecular basis of a fundamental cellular process."
Nogales, who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab, the University of California (UC) at Berkeley, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), is the corresponding author of a paper describing this study in the journal Nature. The paper is titled "Structural visualization of key steps in human transcription initiation." Co-authors are Yuan He, Jie Fang and Dylan Taatjes.
The fundamental process of life by which information in the genome of a living cell is used to generate biomolecules that carry out cellular activities is the so-called "central dogma of molecular biology." It states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. This straightforward flow of information is initiated by an elaborate system of proteins that operate in a highly choreographed fashion with machine-like precision. Understanding how this protein machinery works in the context of passing genetic information from DNA to RNA (transcription) is a must for identifying malfunctions that can turn cells cancerous or lead to a host of other problems.
Nogales and members of her research group used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), where protein samples are flash-frozen at liquid nitrogen temperatures to preserve their structure, to carry out in vitro studies of reconstituted and purified versions of the "transcription pre-initiation complex." This complex is a large assemblage of proteins comprised of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) plus a class of proteins known as general transcription factors that includes the TATA-binding protein (TBP), TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, TFIIE and TFIIH. All of the components in this complex work together to ensure the accurate loading of DNA into Pol II at the start of a gene sequence.
"There's been a lack of structural information on how the transcription pre-initiation complex complex is assembled, but with cryo-EM and our in vitro reconstituted system we've been able to provide pseudo-atomic models at various stages of transcription initiation that illuminate critical molecular interactions during this step-by-step process," Nogales says.
The in vitro reconstituted transcription pre-initiation complex was developed by Yuan He, lead author on the Nature paper and a post-doctoral student in Nogales's research group.
"This reconstituted system provided a model for the sequential assembly pathway of transcription initiation and was essential for us to get the most biochemically homogenous samples," Nogales says. "Also essential was our ability to use automated data collection and processing so that we could generate all our structures in a robust manner."
Among the new details revealed in the step-by-step cryo-EM images was how the transcription factor protein TFIIF engages Pol II and promoter DNA to stabilize both a closed DNA pre-initiation complex and an open DNA-promoter complex, and also how it regulates the selection of a transcription start-site.
"Comparing the closed versus open DNA states led us to propose a model that describes how DNA is moved during the process of promoter opening," says He. "Our studies provide insight into how THIIH uses ATP hydrolysis as a source of energy to actually open and push the DNA to the active site of Pol II."
Nogales and her colleagues plan to further investigate the process of DNA loading into Pol II, as well as to include additional transcription factors into the assembly that are required for regulation of gene expression.
"Our goal is to actually build a structural model of the entire - more than two million daltons - protein machinery that recognizes and regulates all human DNA promoters," Nogales says. "For now we have the structural framework that's been needed to integrate biochemical and structural data into a unified mechanistic understanding of transcription initiation."
###
This research was funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Cancer Institute under NIH grant numbers GM063072 and CA127364.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit www.lbl.gov.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Whew. We made it through awards season, which means we no longer have to hear endless chatter about who is going to what party and blah, blah, blah. It was all very fun, but now it's time to move on with our lives... Don't you think?
OK, fine, you're still gossiping about so-and-so's dress and how x, y, and z of your instagram friends managed to sneak into Seth MacFarlane's after party last night. And you are probably also still nursing a hangover from the Oscars drinking game we encouraged you to play. (Don't worry: Help is on the way). With all of this in mind, we've kept your Monday mellow and filled the week with good food and lots of laughs so as to ease you back into regular life as painlessly as possible.
Headlines come free with your Starbucks Breakfast Blend now. Connect to the Wi-Fi at the coffee chain, and the New York Times will let you read up to 15 articles for free a day. More »
LONDON (Reuters) - British police said they would review accusations of sexual misconduct made against a former official of the coalition's Lib Dems, intensifying a scandal that threatens to overwhelm the party ahead of a by-election.
Detectives from London's police force will consider whether "criminal activity" took place relating to the allegations of sexual impropriety made against the party's former chief executive Chris Rennard, the Metropolitan Police Service said.
Rennard, a member of parliament's upper house, denies the allegations, but has stood down from party duties while they are investigated.
The furore comes at a difficult moment for the party following the resignation of a former cabinet minister Chris Huhne this month after he admitted asking his then wife to accept a penalty for a speeding offence he had committed.
A local election to replace Huhne takes place this Thursday, with the Lib Dems, below 10 percent in national opinion polls, fighting a close battle with their Conservative coalition partners for the seat.
The Lib Dems' stumbling response to the reports that Rennard inappropriately touched female party members and activists several years ago has put it on the back foot since they emerged in a television news report last week.
Lib Dem President Tim Farron, in an apparent criticism of party leader Nick Clegg, said the party had "screwed this up".
Conservative-supporting newspapers have leapt on the crisis, putting Clegg, who serves as deputy prime minister, on the spot after he appeared to change his position on when and how much he knew about the allegations.
The Daily Mail accused Clegg of a cover-up after he disclosed he had been aware of "indirect and non-specific concerns" about Rennard in 2008.
Clegg denied hushing up the matter, saying his chief of staff had gone to Rennard at the time to put the concerns to him along with the warning that such behaviour was "wholly unacceptable".
"It is wrong ... to suggest that we could have acted further given that we didn't have specific allegations five years ago. We have them now. That's why we will act," Clegg told Sky News.
The party has now announced two internal inquiries, one into how the party handled the allegations, and another into the allegations themselves.
"We don't want there to be any no-go areas. If there are things which are criminal they need to pursued," party deputy leader Simon Hughes told Sky News.
FILE - In this May 11, 2012 file photo, people stand in the lobby of JPMorgan's headquarters in New York. JPMorgan is trimming about 4,000 jobs, or about 1.5 percent of its work force, becoming the latest big bank to shrink its staff. The bank said the cuts will be focused in consumer banking and mortgages. Many of the cuts would come through attrition, but the bank will lay off workers as well, a bank spokeswoman said. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan, File)
FILE - In this May 11, 2012 file photo, people stand in the lobby of JPMorgan's headquarters in New York. JPMorgan is trimming about 4,000 jobs, or about 1.5 percent of its work force, becoming the latest big bank to shrink its staff. The bank said the cuts will be focused in consumer banking and mortgages. Many of the cuts would come through attrition, but the bank will lay off workers as well, a bank spokeswoman said. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan, File)
NEW YORK (AP) ? JPMorgan is trimming about 4,000 jobs, or about 1.5 percent of its work force, becoming the latest big bank to shrink its staff.
The bank said the cuts will be focused in consumer banking and mortgages. Many of the cuts would come through attrition, but the bank will lay off workers as well, a bank spokeswoman said.
The cuts were revealed in a presentation to investors Tuesday. They are part of the bank's bigger cost-cutting campaign. They come after a year when the bank increased profit and revenue.
The move could signal a new direction for staffing: JPMorgan already shed about 1,200 jobs in 2012, after adding jobs in 2011 and 2010.
Job cuts have become a familiar story in the banking industry. Banks are navigating new government regulations that have crimped some old sources of revenue, like issuing credit cards to students or trading for the bank's own profit. The banks have also said that complying with the new regulations is costing them more money.
Bank of America, Citigroup, Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs all trimmed jobs in 2012. Morgan Stanley's current round of job cuts has focused on senior ranks and investment bankers. Bank of America has said it needs fewer people to work through problem mortgages, though it has cut jobs in other areas. Citigroup is scaling back in countries that it no longer sees as growth engines.
JPMorgan said it hopes to find jobs within the bank for displaced workers through a "redeployment" program.
From the point of view of its ultimate (human) host, the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni has a gruesome way of life. It hatches in feces-tainted water, grows into a larva in the body of a snail and then burrows through human skin to take up residence in the veins. Once there, it grows into an adult, mates and, if it's female, starts laying eggs. It can remain in the body for decades.
A new study offers insight into the cellular operations that give this flatworm its extraordinary staying power. The researchers, from the University of Illinois, demonstrated for the first time that S. mansoni harbors adult, non-sexual stem cells that can migrate to various parts of its body and replenish tissues. Their report appears in the journalNature.
According to the World Health Organization, more than 230 million people are in need of treatment for Schistosoma infections every year. Most live in impoverished areas with little or no access to clean water. Infection with the worm (also known as a blood fluke) can lead to damaging inflammation spurred by the presence of the worm's eggs in human organs and tissues.
"The female lays eggs more or less continuously, on the order of hundreds of eggs per day," said U. of I. cell and developmental biology professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator Phillip Newmark, who led the study with postdoctoral researcher James J. Collins III.
"The eggs that don't get excreted in the feces to continue the life cycle actually become embedded inside host tissues, typically the liver, and those eggs trigger a massive inflammatory response that leads to tissue damage."
Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of infection, in some cases experiencing delays in growth and brain development as a result of chronic inflammation brought on by the parasites.
The new study began with an insight stemming from years of work on a different flatworm, the planarian, in Newmark's lab. Collins thought that schistosomes might make use of the same kinds of stem cells (called neoblasts in planarians) that allow planarians to regenerate new body parts and organs from even tiny fragments of living tissue.
"It just stood to reason that since schistosomes, like planaria, live so long that they must have a comparable type of system," Collins said. "And since these flatworms are related, it made sense that they would have similar types of cells. But it had never been shown."
In a series of experiments, Collins found that the schistosomes were loaded with proliferating cells that looked and behaved like planarian neoblasts, the cells that give them their amazing powers of regeneration. Like neoblasts, the undifferentiated cells in the schistosomes lived in the mesenchyme, a kind of loose connective tissue that surrounds the organs. And like neoblasts, these cells duplicated their DNA and divided to form two "daughter" cells, one of which copied its DNA again, a process that normally precedes cell division.
"Stem cells do two things," Newmark said. "They divide to make more stem cells and they give rise to cells that can differentiate."
Collins had labeled the cells with fluorescent markers. This allowed him to watch how they behaved. He noted that over the course of a few days, some of the labeled cells migrated into the gut or muscle, to become part of those tissues.
"We label the cells when they're born and then we see what they grow up to become," Collins said. "This is not conclusive evidence that these cells are equivalent to the planarian neoblasts, but it is consistent with the hypothesis that they are."
The researchers went deeper, determining which genes were turned on or off, up or down in the proliferating cells as compared with the non-dividing cells. They identified a gene in the proliferating cells that coded for a growth factor receptor very similar to one found in planarians. When the researchers switched off the parasite's ability to make use of this gene (using a technique called RNA interference in worms grown in the lab), the proliferating cells gradually died out.
"We postulated that these cells are important for the longevity of the parasite," Collins said. "Now we can start asking which genes regulate these cells."
"We started with the big question: How does a simple parasite survive in a host for decades?" Newmark said. "That implies that it has ways of repairing and maintaining its tissues. This study gives us insight into the really interesting biology of these parasites, and it may also open up new doors for making that life cycle a lot shorter."
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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: http://www.uiuc.edu
Thanks to University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for this article.
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AAA??Feb. 25, 2013?1:24 PM ET AP PHOTOS: A look back at the 2010 Gulf oil spill By The Associated PressBy The Associated Press, Associated Press??
FILE - The Deepwater Horizon oil rig burns in the Gulf of Mexico, more than 50 miles southeast of Venice on Louisiana's tip, in this April 21, 2010 file photo. A high-stakes trial to assign blame and help figure out exactly how much more BP and other companies should pay for the spill began Monday, Feb. 25, 2013. (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert, File)
FILE - The Deepwater Horizon oil rig burns in the Gulf of Mexico, more than 50 miles southeast of Venice on Louisiana's tip, in this April 21, 2010 file photo. A high-stakes trial to assign blame and help figure out exactly how much more BP and other companies should pay for the spill began Monday, Feb. 25, 2013. (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert, File)
FILE - Oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill floats on the water as the sky is reflected in sheen on Barataria Bay, off the coast of Louisiana, in this June, 7, 2010 file photo. A high-stakes trial to assign blame and help figure out exactly how much more BP and other companies should pay for the spill began Monday, Feb. 25, 2013. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel)
FILE - This file photo provided by the U.S. Coast Guard shows oil leaking from the drill pipe of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig after it sank on April 22, 2010, two days after it exploded. A high-stakes trial to assign blame and help figure out exactly how much more BP and other companies should pay for the spill began Monday, Feb. 25, 2013. (AP photo/US Coast Guard)
FILE - Oil floats in the waters of Chandeleur Sound, La., in this file photo taken May 4, 2010, two weeks after the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. A high-stakes trial to assign blame and help figure out exactly how much more BP and other companies should pay for the spill began Monday, Feb. 25, 2013. (AP Photo/Eric Gay, File)
FILE - A sea bird is mired in oil on the beach at East Grand Terre Island along the Louisiana coast in this June 3, 2010 file photo. Oil from the Deepwater Horizon has affected wildlife throughout the Gulf of Mexico. A high-stakes trial to assign blame and help figure out exactly how much more BP and other companies should pay for the spill began Monday, Feb. 25, 2013. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel, File)
A high-stakes trial started Monday to assign blame and help figure out exactly how much more BP and other companies should pay for the 2010 Gulf oil spill. Under the Clean Water Act, which is designed to punish companies and prevent future spills, a polluter pays a minimum of $1,100 per barrel of spilled oil; the fines nearly quadruple for companies found guilty of grossly negligent behavior.
Here's a gallery of photos looking back at the aftermath of the nation's worst offshore oil spill.
Associated PressNews Topics: General news, Painting, Environmental concerns, Environment, Environment and nature, Industrial accidents, Accidents, Accidents and disasters, Visual arts, Arts and entertainment, Oil spills, Pollution
The BB10-toting BlackBerry Z10 has just been unveiled in India, priced at Rs 43,490 ($800) for an unlocked unit. Coinciding with the announcement, the BlackBerry Music Store has also gone live in the country starting today, offering a mix of local and international music. Support for local languages aside, the app offerings have also been given an Indian flavor with the inclusion of country-specific goodies spanning various genres including news, banking, travel, entertainment and lifestyle. The subcontinent is quite important for the company formerly known as RIM, and its devices are still popular in the region, despite taking a beating in market share recently (see coverage), courtesy the BBM service that makes them the go-to smartphones for those hooked on to the instant messaging platform. However, the Z10's sticker price puts it in the same league as the 16GB iPhone 5 and HTC's full-HD Butterfly (both costing roughly $50 more), and it remains to be seen how the price-sensitive Indian market will react to the new entrant.
Playing off his?pre-Oscars prediction?that everyone would hate him at the Oscars, Seth MacFarlane spent the first 19 minutes of the Academy Awards on Sunday making sure everyone would, in fact, hate him.?After some real stinkers, the main conceit was William Shatner descending on a screen as Captain Kirk, from the future, to tell MacFarlane to do a better job of hosting, in a kind of alternate-reality bit that turned pretty sordid?and pretty fast. ...
Top London Personal Trainer Steve Richardson has recently moved to Brighton and has brought with him a wealth of fitness & nutrition knowledge, as well as his highly energised Zumba classes. What?s more, Steve is looking to change the way that women think about their health forever with the launch of Brighton?s own Arete fitness community. With all this going on it?s amazing that he found time to sit down and chat to us!
Hi Steve! First and foremost, welcome to Brighton!! Thank you. It really is great here. Since moving down from London in December I?ve loved every minute of it. It?s such a nice open space, everyone has time for everybody and it?s great that there is such a strong emphasis on fitness down here. It truly is an amazing town.
I?m sure the Brighton residents are happy to hear that you?re so fond of things. So how did you begin your fitness journey?
I started off as a professional dancer for 12 years since 1997. I absolutely loved it and had the privilege of working for some amazing clients such as Toni & Guy, Adidas, Nike and the Clothes Show Live. I also worked with pop artists such as the Spice Girls & Take That on things like The Brits and The Royal Variety Show
I was always fascinated by with human body, and so during this time I also became a Personal Trainer. I spent a good year working for a well known gym chain in London where I soaked up as much information about the industry as I could. This year had me training a lot of great clients and time absolutely flew by! There was a whopping 42 Personal Trainers also in the gym I was working for so competition was fierce, but it was good in other ways as we all could feed off of each others knowledge.
Steve Richardson is set to bring his exciting new women?s only fitness classes to Brighton, as well as Zumba classes and 1-on-1 Personal Training
So what happened after this year of working for the London based gym? I was extremely confident in my own ability, so the time seemed perfect for me to take all the knowledge that I had acquired and become a fully fledged freelance Personal Trainer.
A lot of my clients came with me and I began working out of a fitness studio on Liverpool Street. Some clients I would see once a week, others two or three times each week. There were people of all ages and fitness levels who came to me, as well as people with hip and shoulder injuries and people training for marathons and endurance events.
I also got involved with fitness DVDS. I was co presenter, co choreographer & fitness consultant for Camilla Dallerup (Strictly Come Dancing) on ?Camillas Cardio Dance Workout?. I had the pleasure of working with dance group Diversity as their fitness consultant for ?Dance.Fitness.Fusion?, as well as being the presenter / creator of the workout. I was also Personal Trainer for Mikyla Dodd (former Hollyoaks star), helping her lose 3 stone in 3 months. So I think it?s fair to say I know about weight loss!
I worked on Liverpool Street for an amazing seven years before deciding to move here to Brighton.
You are also a Zumba Instructor. Was this an easy transition for you to go into given your impressive dance career? Yes it was if I?m honest. I?ve been a Zumba Instructor since April 2012, and it was such an obvious field for me to go into given my dance experience. I was teaching to classes of around? 65 people, week in week out!
Zumba is such fun, and the best thing about it is that no two classes are ever the same. It?s a fantastic way to keep fit and is a hell of a good laugh having a shimmy and a shake! Fitness can and should be fun too. . .
Are you bringing your Zumba classes to Brighton? Yes I am! They are taking place at the Manor Community Centre just around the corner from Brighton Hospital each and every Wednesday from 6:00-7:00pm. Everyone is welcome to come along to my class, and the first one is completely FREE!! After that each class is just ?5.
Now then, tell us more about your exciting ?Arete Fit? project that we have heard so much about. Ah yes, the pi?ce de r?sistance you might say. Arete is a women?s only fitness class and community that has already been a huge success in London. I?m now bringing this exciting new female fitness sensation to Brighton!
The ultimate mission of Arete is to transform women?s lives with sound fitness techniques and nutrition advice. There is so much bad advice going around from fad magazines and diets and I want to set the record straight on these issues!
Through eating well and training hard I want to create an amazing community of strong confident women, and help their health and fitness levels become the best that they can be.
Half hour Arete fitness classes are now running every week on a Tuesday in the main studio at Alive Fitness & Natural Health, on Castle Street in Brighton (just off of Preston Street). The first class is at 8:00am-8:30am and the second shortly after at 9:30am-10:00am.
This all sounds great Steve! Do you mind if we ask why a male such as yourself is choosing to run a female fitness class? Not at all, I can understand that it might be on people?s minds. The reason though is simple, and that is because for years now I have primarily been training female clients. It?s something is second nature to me, and without tooting my own horn is something that I believe I am very good at.
I?ve had the absolute pleasure of working with so many amazing women over the years and have helped them become fitter than they ever could have imagined. Now I want to use my talents and knowledge to helping the people of Brighton and Hove.
What can women expect then from being a part of your new Arete community? They can expect to get fit through some amazing workouts each week! These half hour sessions will be full on and will be a mixture of constantly varied exercises that will keep the body challenged.
As well as the fitness class side of things I will be putting an important focus on nutrition. I will be providing them with meal plans, as well as information on what foods to enjoy. I want to delve deep into this subject and will always be available for people to ask me any questions about anything that is on their minds.
I also want to create just that ? a community! I want the Arete ladies to share stories, tips and socialise where possible. I will be there along for the ride as well of course!!
What makes your female Arete fitness classes different from others in Brighton? The fact that the Arete fitness classes are based indoors is a huge benefit. It means that we will never be at the mercy of the weather or have to worry about onlookers. The studio at Alive Fitness and Natural Health is in fact the largest fitness studio in Brighton, so there is plenty of space for us to have some fun in! It?s also bright and airy.
The whole system is structured to fit around a busy schedule and work with the clients lifestyle, not to consume it all. People think they need to dedicate hours a week to get an outcome, but we are teaching the world that when you do it right, 30 minutes a day is all that you need.
The other reason is that women will get me training them! With my knowledge and expertise on every aspect of health and fitness, as well as my lengthy experience training women already, I am the perfect person to help women of all fitness levels. With my help I will improve your exercise technique, educate you on nutrition and I will make you stronger and more confident. I will also always be available to talk to people if they have any queries either in person, over the phone, via email or on Facebook. I genuinely want to help them be the best that they can be.
The only stipulation I have is that when its your turn to play your iPod there can be no Gloria Estefan or Mariah Carey music played in the classes. Other than that, anything goes!
What would you say to a woman wanting to take that first step to training with you? I would say to give me a call or drop me an email and let?s discuss how I can help you. Let me know of any issues or concerns you may have and I will be sure to make your experience anything and everything you want it to be.
It?s their workout and is their community as well. I want to make sure it is exactly what women want to see and want to be a part of.
Finally Steve, can people train with you on a 1-on-1 basis? Women and? men, can train with me in Brighton. They can either train at home, outside or in a studio. I also offer? a FREE fitness consultation to all new clients for me to learn more about your goals, and for you to learn more about how I work.
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Older women shouldn't take vitamin D and calcium supplements to prevent broken bones, and there's not enough evidence to say whether it would help anyone else either, says a U.S. government-backed panel.
Based on two reviews of past research, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force waded into the debate over the two vitamins that are thought to strengthen bones to prevent against breaks.
"Calcium and vitamin D are important in general health and bone health. For this recommendation, we review data on whether supplements of vitamin D and calcium can prevent fractures in addition to dietary intake," said Dr. Jessica Herzstein, a member of the Task Force.
Approximately 1.5 million Americans suffer from breaks that are tied to brittle bones each year. And about half of all women over 50 years old will end up with a break that's linked to the bone-weakening disease osteoporosis.
That's a major concern, according to the Task Force, because broken bones are linked to chronic pain, disability and increased risk of sickness and early death.
Based on the reviews, the panel found there were no benefits but some risk for post-menopausal women taking low-dose vitamin D and calcium supplements - below 400 international units and 1,000 milligrams, respectively.
Specifically, taking low-dose supplements didn't change the older women's risk for broken bones, but was tied to a small increase in the risk of kidney stones (see Reuters Health article of June 12, 2012 here: http://reut.rs/W760bF
They also found that there is not enough evidence to suggest higher doses of the vitamins would be effective or safer in older women, or that taking any dose of the supplements would help men or younger women.
For men and younger women, "We're not saying don't take it, we're just saying we don't know enough right now," said Herzstein, who is in charge of employee health at Air Products in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
She added that these recommendations do not apply to people who already have a diagnosis of osteoporosis, a history of fractures or are living in an assisted-living community.
TALK WITH YOUR DOCTOR
Herzstein said it's important for people to talk with their doctors about the supplements.
Cara Welch, senior vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs for the Natural Product Association in Washington, D.C., told Reuters Health she agreed that people should talk to their doctors, but said the group disagrees with the new recommendation.
"We believe this recommendation is out of step with current research, and it really should not affect consumers who are trying to supplement their calcium and vitamin D intake with supplements," Welch said.
According to the most recent data from a national survey of Americans, 56 percent of women over 60 years old take vitamin D supplements, and 60 percent take calcium supplements.
The two vitamins are often sold together and are relatively inexpensive.
The Task Force already recommends women older than 65 years old be screened for the bone-weakening disease osteoporosis, and younger women who have a higher risk of broken bones.
The panel also recommends senior citizens with a history of falls and vitamin D deficiency take supplements to help strengthen muscles and help with balance (see Reuters Health article of May 30, 2012 here: http://reut.rs/V1ARom
Vitamin D has also been researched as a preventive measure against dementia, heart disease and cancer, but with mixed results. Herzstein said the panel will soon be issuing recommendations about the vitamin for some of those diseases.
Marion Nestle, a nutrition researcher from New York University who coauthored a commentary published alongside the recommendations in the Annals of Internal Medicine, said that good studies on vitamin D are hard to do, and any end to the debate over whether to take supplements or not is a long way off.
"These studies are so difficult to do and to interpret that scientific consensus seems impossible to achieve, especially in situations where entire organizations are devoted to convincing people to take high-dose vitamin D," she wrote in an email to Reuters Health.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/Ms1ZbQ Annals of Internal Medicine, online February 25, 2013.
Dr. C. Everett Koop has long been regarded as the nation's doctor? even though it has been nearly a quarter-century since he was surgeon general.
Koop, who died Monday at his home in Hanover, N.H., at age 96, was by far the best known and most influential person to carry that title. Koop, a 6-foot-1 evangelical Presbyterian with a biblical prophet's beard, donned a public health uniform in the early 1980s and became an enduring, science-based national spokesman on health issues.
He served for eight years during the Reagan administration and was a breed apart from his political bosses. He thundered about the evils of tobacco companies during a multiyear campaign to drive down smoking rates, and he became the government's spokesman on AIDS when it was still considered a "gay disease" by much of the public.
"He really changed the national conversation, and he showed real courage in pursuing the duties of his job," said Chris Collins, a vice president of amfAR, the Foundation for AIDS Research.
Even before that, he had been a leading figure in medicine. He was one of the first U.S. doctors to specialize in pediatric surgery at a time when children with complicated conditions were often simply written off as untreatable. In the 1950s, he drew national headlines for innovative surgeries such as separating conjoined twins.
His medical heroics are well noted, but he may be better remembered for transforming from a pariah in the eyes of the public health community into a remarkable servant who elevated the influence of the surgeon general ? if only temporarily.
"He set the bar high for all who followed in his footsteps," said Dr. Richard Carmona, who served as surgeon general a decade later under President George W. Bush.
Koop's religious beliefs grew after the 1968 death of his son David in a mountain-climbing accident, and he became an outspoken opponent of abortion. His activism is what brought him to the attention of the administration of President Ronald Reagan, who decided to nominate him for surgeon general in 1981. Though once a position with real power, surgeon generals had been stripped of most of their responsibilities in the 1960s.
By the time Koop got the job, the position was kind of a glorified health educator.
But Koop ran with it. One of his early steps involved the admiral's uniform that is bestowed to the surgeon general but that Koop's predecessors had worn only on ceremonial occasions. In his first year in the post, Koop stopped wearing his trademark bowties and suit jackets and instead began wearing the uniform, seeing it as a way to raise the visual prestige of the office.
In those military suits, he surprised the officials who had appointed him by setting aside his religious beliefs and feelings about abortion and instead waging a series of science-based public health crusades.
He was arguably most effective on smoking. He issued a series of reports that detailed the dangers of tobacco smoke, and in speeches began calling for a smoke-free society by the year 2000. He didn't get his wish, but smoking rates did drop from 38 percent to 27 percent while he was in office ? a huge decline.
Koop led other groundbreaking initiatives, but perhaps none is better remembered than his work on AIDS.
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Weekend Highlights: Fortune reports that Apple's phones are three times more reliable than Sumsung's; The Macalope considers that people hate clowns; Judge grants Einhorn's bid to block Apple proxy vote, more in our Apple/Macintosh, and Finances sections; Fortune's Allan Sloan believes Apple could learn from Progressive, a company with "an intelligent, rational, and transparent way to deal with the surplus cash that its operations generate. Apple doesn't"; and Douglas McIntyre calls Apple's board "weak" and problematic in leading the company through times of crisis; Morgan Stanley sat down with Apple CFO, Peter Oppenheimer, came "away more confident" that a low-cost iPhone is in the works; patent lawsuit against Apple targets OS X server, iCloud; Mactuts+ presents their complete guide to the Mac App Store; Macworld explores the sharing features on your Mac, also explains emergency backups you may not know you already have; Macs in Chemistry walks through various offsite backup options you have; smart connected device market being fought out between Apple, Samsung; Apple supplier in China faces fines for polluting local river; MacNewsWorld on the iWatch patent(s) greasing gears of concept designers; iOS 6.1.3 coming soon, said to fix passcode bug; Primate Labs benchmarks the new Retina MacBook Pro, Gizmag compares the new Chromebook Pixel and MacBook Air; Crave shows photo differences between the new HTC One and iPhone 5; TidBITS reviews Mailbox for iPhone.
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"'Post-PC Era' Predicted By Steve Jobs Taking Hold as Samsung Tops Apple in Connected Device Market"?MacRumors?2/22
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"NYPD Team Working With Apple to Catch iPhone, iPad Thieves"?PC Magazine?2/22
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"No touch screen, no keyboard: enter Airwriting"?TG Daily?2/22
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"'Star Trek'-like tricorder available soon"?USA Today?2/22
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"iWatch-y Patent Greases the Gears of Concept Designers: There's been much ado about the possibility that an iWatch is in the works, and the buzz was fueled this week by the publication of a patent application Apple filed back in 2011. More than a few renderings of possible designs have been circulating on the Web as well: and one of them in particular seems more Apple-ish than the rest."?MacNewsWorld?2/22
"Apple releases iOS 6.1.3 beta with passcode bug fix in tow"?CNET News?2/22
"Smartphone by Manufacturer - FixYa Report"?FixYa?2/22
"iPad mini vs. Galaxy Note 8.0 hands on!"?iMore?9:29 PM
"It's Not Email That's Broken, It's You"?TidBITS?8:03 PM
"Google laptop shows Apple a thing or two: Google's Chromebook Pixel has two killer features that MacBooks don't. Maybe it's time for Apple to rethink the MacBook concept."?CNET News?5:29 PM
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Public release date: 27-Feb-2013
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